Science Project

Topic:

EGG-xperiment

Purposes of the study:

As all know, Coke is not a healthy substance for the human body. This experiment will test the damaging effects of four different liquids by soaking an egg in salt water, vinegar, lemon juice, and Coke-Cola.

Research questions/Hypotheses:

1. Which substance will dissolve the egg shell the quickest?
2. Why is the egg shell affected?
3. Which part of the body would have the same damage as the egg shell?
My hypothesis is the lemon juice and vinegar will have the biggest effects, and the salt water will not affect the egg shell.

Methods:

Materials:
Four eggs
Four containers with lids
Coke
Vinegar
Lemon Juice
Salt Water

Steps taken:
1. Put one egg in each of the four contains.
2. Pour one liquid on each egg.
3. Place the lid on each container.
4. After three days, remove the lids.
5. Evaluate the egg shells.
6. Write your results and findings.
7. Carefully drain the liquids out of the bowls
8. Pour new liquid over the eggs.
9. Place the lid on each container.
10. After six days, remove the lids.
11. Evaluate the egg shells.
12. Write your results and findings.



Results and Findings:

The third day:
· The egg that soaked in the vinegar had a noticeable decrease in shell. It was, also, swollen.
· The lemon juice started to cause the egg shell to flake apart. There was, also, a noticeable amount on egg shell in the bottom of the bowl.
· The egg soaked in the Coke-Cola was stained brown.
· The salt water seems to have no affect on the egg shell.
COKE

VINEGAR

SALT WATER

LEMON JUICE


Final Results:
· The egg that soaked in vinegar no longer has a shell. The membrane of the egg is the only boundary protecting the yolk. The egg feels firm but has give when pushed.
· The lemon juice has almost eaten a hole in the egg shell. If the egg shell is touched pieces of shell will flake off.
· The egg in the Coke-Cola did not have much of a change between the 3rd day and the 6th day.
· The egg soaking in salt water was not affected.
VINEGAR

COKE

LEMON JUICE

SALT WATER

Discussion and Conclusions:

Vinegar and lemon juice have high levels of acid. The vinegar contains an acid called acetic acid, and the lemon juice contains citric acid. Both liquids had a great affect on the egg shell. The vinegar (acetic acid) completely dissolved the egg shell only leaving the membrane as a protector. The lemon juice (citric acid) did not dissolve the egg shell, but it caused the shell to crumb away from the membrane.

If farther you would like to try this experiment, trying Diet Coke-Cola could be substitute for the regular Coke-Cola.

When compared to the human body, the eggshell is like the enamel on teeth. The vinegar and lemon juice would damage the enamel if consumed in large amounts repetitively. The Coke-Cola will not damage the enamel, but it will stain the enamel causing a brown, dull smile.

Reference and extended resources or acknowledgment:

· http://www.freekidcrafts.com/easy-egg-experiments.html
· http://www.stevespangler.com/teaching-moments/naked-eggs-a-different-twist/

Play with Shadows

The concept of this experiment is to make shadows. Students are able to make a shadow by shining a light on the figure they made. The shadow forms where the rays of light hit the figure. This makes a larger dark shadow on the wall.

Materials Needed:

• Scissors
• Tracing Paper (optional)
• Thin Card
• Tape
• Pencil
• Thin Stick
• Bright Flashlight

1. Trace a picture of ghosts from a book, or invent your own and make drawings of them.

2. Transfer your ghost patterns from the tracing paper to the pieces of thin card (optional).

3. Carefully cut out the patterns and tape each one to the end of a stick.

4. Hold the patterns near the wall. Shine a flashlight on them, and large shadow will appear on the wall.

Tennessee State Standards
GLE 0007.Inq.1 Observe the world of familiar objects using the senses and tools.
GLE 0007.Inq.2 Ask questions, make logical predictions, plan investigations, and represent data.

Construct a Compass

Materials:

• Paint
• Styrofoam Pad
• Needle
• Bar Magnet
• Modeling Clay
• Pitcher of water
• Tape
• Plastic Container

1. Paint the styrofoam pad.

2. Place the modeling clay in the bottom of the plastic container.

3. Stick the toothpick into the clay.

4. Stroke one end of the magnet along the needle, about 30 times, in the same direction.

5. Tape the needle on the styrofoam.

6. Place the styrofoam on top of the toothpick (do not push the toothpick into styrofoam).

7. Pour the water into the container until the styrofoam is floating.

8. Once the styrofoam is floating, it will begin to spin. The needle will be pointing North to South.

Explanation:
The needle is just a needle until it is stroked with the magnet. Once the needle is stroked with the magnet in the same direction, it turns into a magnet. When the needle is magnetized, one end gains a north pole. The north pole of the Earth’s magnetic field attracts the north pole of the needle. Once the water lifts the piece of Styrofoam off the toothpick, the needles magnetic attraction spins the Styrofoam to the north position.

Tennessee State Standards:

 GLE 0407.12.1 Explore the interactions between magnets.

 GLE 0407.12.2 Observe that electrically charged objects exert a pull on other materials.

Build a Magnetic Car

Materials

• Pencil
• Scissors
• Tape
• Two Bar Magnets
• Straw
• Small Box
• Modeling Clay
• 2 Tooth Picks
• A Quarter
• A Sheet of Card Stock

Step One:

Measure the length of the box using the straw. Cut the straw long enough to fit the length of the box. Tape the straw pieces to the bottom of the box.



Step Two:

Trace the quarter on the card stock using the pencil. Cut the circles out. Put the tooth picks through the straws with the ends sticking out. Place the circles on the end of the tooth picks. To keep the tooth picks on, roll a small ball of modeling clay and place on the end of the tooth picks.

Step three:

Put one of the magnets in the small box. Then place the lid on the box.

Step 4:

Take the other magnet and hold it in front of the box. The magnets will conduct and depending on the charge the car will either roll forwards or backwards.

Explanation: Each magnet has two poles. The poles are North and South poles. When the magnets are placed together, they either attract or repel. When the magnets are held with the North or South poles facing each other, they will repel. When the magnets are held with the North pole facing the South pole they will attract.

N<- ->N

S<- ->S

N-><-S

S-><-N

Tennessee Science Standards:

GLE 0407.Inq.1 Explore different scientific phenomena by asking questions, making logical predictions, planning investigations and recording data.

 GLE 0407.Inq.3 Select and use appropriate tools and simple equipment to conduct an investigation.

 GLE 0407.Inq.3 Organize data into appropriate tables, graphs, drawings, or diagrams.

 GLE 0407.12.1 Explore the interactions between magnets.

 GLE 0407.12.2 Observe that electrically charged objects exert a pull on other materials.

Mini Lesson

Description: This lesson provides an introduction to magnets and their properties. Students will learn how to locate poles on various kinds of magnets. Students will also observe how like poles repel and unlike poles attract each other. In addition, students will become familiar with natural magnets and the different materials a magnet can attract.

Goals: To introduce students to the properties of magnets.

Objectives:

Students will be able to locate poles on various kinds of magnets.

Students will be able to identify the strongest parts of a magnet.

Students will be able to observe that like poles repel and unlike poles attract each other.

Magnetism is a force all around us. It cannot be seen but the way it acts can be seen. Magnets exert a force of attraction on anything made of iron. Anything made of iron will be attracted to a magnet. A magnet will often not attract things that are not made of, or do not contain iron. However, scientist have developed and discovered materials that are non-ferrous (no iron) that will act as magnets and be attracted to magnets.

N

S

Look at the magnet above. It is called a bar magnet. It has two ends. The end labeled N means north. The end labeled S means south. These two ends are the magnetic poles. The force of a magnet is strongest at the poles. If you tie a string to the middle of a bar magnet, the north end will point north and the south end will point south.

The earth is like a giant magnet! The magnetic fields surrounding earth are near the North Pole and the South Pole. That is why the poles or ends of a bar magnet are called north and south.

The south pole of a magnet attracts the north pole of another magnet. Unlike Poles AttractRepel means "push away" or "push apart."

The north pole of the magnet repels the north pole of the other magnet. Like poles repel.

Try it yourself! Get two bar magnets and experiment with them.

Directions: Answer the questions about magnetism.

1. Which one will a magnet attract?

A. plastic

B. comb

C. paper clip

D. shoelace

2. Which one will a magnet not attract?

A. glass

B. screw

C. nail

The south end of a bar magnet is labeled. The north end of a bar magnet is labeled. A bar magnet is strongest at the middle poles. The earth is like a giant force magnet iron. The north end of a bar magnet always points to the north. The south end of a bar magnet always points to the south.